NCLEX and CGFNS: NCLEX-CGFNS: Obstetric

It an effective and reversible method, and can be used for emergency contraception after unprotected sex.
It should be taken daily.
It can protect against certain cancers and anemia.
It is not recommended for breastfeeding women because it can reduce milk supply
Side effects: missed periods, upset stomach, and irregular vaginal bleeding.

DMPA (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate)

The capsules are placed under the skin of a women's upper arm.
It is effective within 24 hours after insertion and can prevent pregnancy for at least 5 years.
Side Effects: changes in menstrual bleeding, headache, heat tenderness, acne, weight gain, hair loss, and more hair growth on the face.

It is a permanent and effective method, help protect from ovarian cancer, but reversal surgery is difficult.
Patient should be prepared for minilaparotomy or laparoscopy. Before procedure: NPO for 8 hours and no medications. After procedure: rest for 2-3 days, avoid heavy lifting for 1 week, avoid sex for at least 1 week, and take paracetamol.
Nurse should report if any signs and symptoms: high fever in the first 4 weeks, pain, pus, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fainting, and dizziness.

It is a permanent method with no effect on sexual performance.
It will be fully effective only after 20 ejaculations or 3 months.
Common complications are pain in the scrotum, swelling, bruising, brief feeling of faintness after procedure.

CONDOMS

IUDS

It a small flexible plastic frame inserted into uterus through vagina.
It can be removed by pulling gently on the strings with forceps.
Side effects: menstrual changes (longer, heavier menstrual periods, bleeding and spotting, cramps or pain during periods).
Check the IUD once a week during the first month after insertion and after each menstrual period.
Return for visit 3-6 weeks after insertion.

VAGINAL METHODS

Vaginal methods: spermicide, diaphragm, cervical cap)
These methods can protect against some STD's.
Women can fully control and use it when needed.
Spermicide is inserted one hour before sex, placed high in vagina.
Foaming tablets, films, and suppositories are inserted at least 10 minutes before sex and do not douche for at least 6 hours after sex.
Diaphragm or cervical cap is inserted ahead of time when before sex and leave them in place and do not douche for at least 6 hours.

FERTILITY BASED METHODS

There are four conditions to control with this methods: cervical secretion, basal body temperature, calendar or rhythm, both of cervical secretion and basal body temperature.
Cervical Secretion: Avoid unprotected sex from the first time day of any cervical secretions or feelings of vaginal wetness until the fourth day after the peak day of slippery secretion.
Basal Body Temperature (BBT): Avoid unprotected sex from the first day of menstrual bleeding until body temperature has risen and stayed up to for 3 full days.
Calendar of Rhythm: Avoid unprotected sex between the first and last days of the estimated fertile time.
Cervical Secretion and BBT: Avoid unprotected sex from the first day of cervical secretion until both the 4th day after the peak of slippery secretion ad the 3rd full day after the rise in body temperature.

LACTATION AMENORRHEA METHOD

This is a temporary method base on breastfeeding. It can be use only when the women breastfeed often both day and night, menstruation have not returned, and baby is less than 6 months.
Mother breastfeeds at least 8-10 times a day and at least once at night.

NCLEX and CGFNS