Isolation precautions are used to isolate the infections NOT patients. Isolation is selected based on the mode of transmission and pathogenesis of infection. Some question on NCLEX-CGFNS deal with isolation precautions.
STRICT ISOLATION
- It is practiced for highly transmissible diseases by direct contact and airborne routes.
- It requires: private room, gown, mask, glove, hand washing, and double bagged for soiled articles.
- Diseases: Diptheria-pharyngeal, herpes zoster, pneumonia, varicella.
RESPIRATORY ISOLATION
- It is practiced for droplet transmission.
- It requires: private room, mask, hand washing, and labeled plastic bags for soiled articles.
- Patient with same organism may share room.
- Diseases: H. influenza, measles, mumps, N. meningitis.
TUBERCULOSIS / AFB ISOLATION
- It is practiced for suspected or active tuberculosis.
- It requires: mask, hand washing, and private room with negative pressure (room air vented to outside).
- Disease: Tuberculosis
CONTACT ISOLATION
- It is practiced for infectious diseases or multiple resistant micro organism that are spread by close or direct contact.
- It requires: private room, mask, gown, and glove.
- Diseases: Diptheria-cutaneous, herpes simplex, MRSA, pediculosis, scabies, syphilis.
ENTERIC PRECAUTION
- It is practiced for infectious diseases that transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected feces.
- It requires: private room, hand washing, gloves, and gowns.
- Gowns are worn only when contact any object contaminated with feces.
- Diseases: Aseptic meningitis, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, hepatitis A, typhoid fever.
DRAINAGE / SECRETION PRECAUTION
- It is practiced for patient with wound drainage (infected wound).
- It requires: gloves and gowns.
- Disease: Burns
UNIVERSAL BLOOD AND BODY FLUID PRECAUTION
- It is practiced when possibly contact with blood-borne and body fluids pathogens (blood, semen, vaginal secretion, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, amniotic fluid, CSF, and tissue.
- It requires: gloves, masks, protective eye gears, and gowns.
- Used / contaminated needle should never recapped.
- Used needles and other sharp items are kept in a puncture resistant container (sharp box container).
- Diseases: AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C.
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